Food laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food laws - Essay ExampleBeing a worker in the food service department I have the obligation to ensure that the menus disposed(p) to suit the postulate of the patients. This is because it would be an offense for the hospital to compel the patients to eat foods that are not in line with their dietary laws. In the contemporary society, the aspect of diversity management is of great significance inwardly the health sector. Diversity management seeks to satisfy the needs of different people irrespective of their differences. It requires that all citizens be treated with respect despite their differences in terms of religion, color, race, beliefs or even physical abilities. Since our hospital pays financial aid diversity management strategies, it is crucial to consider the diet preferences of our clients(Curtis, 2013). Secondly, since a hospital is a business righteous like any other, conform to the customers is a matter of priority. Customers prefer to acquire services from business es that satisfy their needs efficiently. On this note, it is crucial for our organization to design menus that satisfy the needs of the people to ensure that the Kosher and proper laws are respected especially during relevant holidays. Satisfying the needs of these laws is a complex process ascribable to the great variation of the diet requirements. The food director is also concerned with the economic aspect of satisfying the needs of the patients. Often, it is possible that introducing new meals other than the regular meals will add cost to the meals.

Texas Policy Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Texas Policy Report - Term Paper Example governor Rick Perry signed the Texas carte 5 during a special session. Rick Perry convened the special session aft(prenominal) Senator Wendy Davis conducted a filibuster in an attempt to interfere with signing of the abortion annotation. Rick Perry signed the bill in a ceremony attended by various media groups, lobbyists and legislators. Perry and other supporters of the abortion bill had believed that unborn children experience immense pain during abortion. Governor Perry had proposed the abortion bill on May 27, 2013 though it became unprofitable in regular senate sessions. However, Wendy and other activists argued that illegalizing abortion would had fatal consequences to the mother. Wendy explained her protest through her experience where she discussed abortion causal agency of her daughter (The State of Texas 1).Wendy had tried several times to stop law provisions that restrict abortion including 2012 debates. She was especially con cerned about part of abortion bill that banned abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Consequently, during the special session when the Perry was to sign the abortion bill in June 25, 2013, Wendy Davis reported to the media that she would conduct a filibuster. The filibuster would aim at preventing final process of adopting abortion bill. Wendy attracted social media debate following her emotional destination where she discussed heart-rending disclosures about her pregnancy experiences.However, Governor Perry had promised citizens six months before the 25 June 2013 session that he would sign laws against abortion. Perry had express that unborn babies deserved the legal rights to sound health besides constitutional protection. He had believed that abortion bill would form the foundation on Texas culture of respect for life.House bill 2 signed by Governor Perry had provisions that bans abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, House of Bill 2 demands that clinics that carry through abortion be of similar health

Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students Essay

Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students - screen ExampleThis essay Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students outlines the reasons for the obesity among students, its danger, and the methods how to stop the growing number of heavy college students. Many countries are seeking solutions and creating awareness on the fact that obesity is becoming an issue of content concern. There have been numerous studies focusing on obesity in children and teenagers as well as adults. In many of the studies, college students have been included in the adult group (Archer, 2013). Therefore, there are divergent factors that trigger the development of obesity among college students. These reasons are unique and are varied from those increasing the susceptibility of opposite groups to obesity this necessitates a study, which focuses on the causes of obesity among college students and the potential solutions that can help them address the issue. This study seeks to go steady t he unique factors that contribute to increasing obesity rates among college students. College students have a unique lifestyle, tastes, and prevalence, which may institute them more vulnerable to developing obesity. Moreover, it is possible that factors that contribute to the increasing rates of obesity among college students are different from those associated with obesity in teenagers and children. Notably, college students are adults who can make their own decisions with minimal influence of others especially their parents. Moreover, most of the college students stay away from home and have to make decisions about their diets and lifestyle.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Business Ethics - Essay ExampleThe close straightforward definition of an ethical dilemma is a clash between two skinnys. If we accept the legal opinion that ethical teaching flats ones actions towards doing that which benefits the good of the majority, rather than that of the minority, then we will begin to squeeze the concept of ethical dilemma as referring to instances wherein two alternate, and even conflicting, decisions may lead to equally good consequences. Diversity comprises an ethical dilemma because support for its realisation implies support for and the empowerment of marginalised groups. Objection to it, as in arguments disputing its ethical base, are equally ethical because of their predication on the concept of merit, or the hiring of employees based on theory qualifications, irrespective of ethnicity, race, religion, gender or age. As either of the two positions is, arguably, ethical, a final decisiveness of which of the two is more ethical rests upon the analyt ical assessment of both perspectives from within the framework of ethics theory. A review of the literature on workplace diversity reveals that numerous scholars dispute the argument regarding a direct relationship between ethics and the attainment of employee diversity.

International Market Entry and Development Essay - 2

International Market Entry and Development - Essay ExampleThe purport of this essay is to analyze outside marketplaces and the strategies that must be used to permeate US, China and others markets. The competitive adorn has changed and the United States has to keep up with the changes worldwide. Currently the top exporter in the world is the emerging economy of China, patch the U.S. is the 4th highest exporter and the top importer worldwide. Due to the amazing growth of many emerging economies companies must target these foreign nations to achieve further growth in the long term. One of the best ways to establish a strong market presence described in the essay is through the utilization of a mark strategy. A branding strategy has many benefits including the ability to charge a premium price for products and services. A company in the app arl industry that has used a branding strategy to successfully penetrate many nations worldwide is Urban Outfitters. The use of a branding str ategy helps companies build up a reputation among customers that leaves a lasting impression on the buyers. The use of marketing is also described by the researcher and is critical to create a branding strategy. The reseacher mentiones that the top fast food restaurant in the world, McDonalds, spends every year a $1 billion in marketing expenses to continue its branding strategy. Companies that are able to establish a brand value have a better chance to watch over in multinational markets. The branding strategy can be as effective in the international markets as in the domestic marketplace.

Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing Math Problem

Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing - Math Problem casingRequired a. Calculate depreciation expense and restrain value of the metal press under some(prenominal) historical cost and hurt-level-adjusted historical cost. For the historical cost, the metal fabrication press would depreciate $43,500 per year ($522,000/12). In terms of the book value of the metal fabrication press under historical cost, the net book value would be $217,500 ($522,000-($43,500*7)). In comparison, the price-level-adjusted historical cost would give a new cost of $621,180 (Increase of 19% on the original cost. If this is so, the new book value would amount to $316,680 ($621,180-$304,500). Because this value would depreciate over the stay five years of its life, the depreciation expense would be$63,336 ($316,680/5). b. In general, what is the effect on ROA of changing rating bases from historical cost to current values? Because assets are generally higher, the reward on assets would be sink b ecause a fraction always becomes less when the denominator is increased. This would result in the managers having more motivation to change the equipment because the return on the equipment would not be as great. c. The manager of the investment center with the metal press is considering renew it because it is becoming obsolete. Will the managers incentives to replace the metal press change if the firm shifts from historical cost valuation to the proposed price-level-adjusted historical cost valuation? It would not be advisable to do this because the company would need to commute the value of its asset each year. This change would result in giving the actual return at that point of time. However, it would mean that an extra cost would be incurred to fulfil with the accounting standards of the government. This would be too involved to carry out so it is best to not replace the metal press. Problem 5-15 U.S Pump Systems US Pumps is a multi variabilityal firm that manufactures and installs chemical piping and pump systems. Its valve segment makes a single standardized valve. The valve variability and installation division currently are involved in a transfer-pricing dispute. Last year, half of the valve divisions sidetrack was sold to the installation division for $40 and the remaining half was sold to outsiders for $60. The existing transfer price of $40 per pump has been set through a negotiation process between the two divisions and with the enfolding of senior management. The installation division has received a bid from an outside value manufacturer to bestow it with an equivalent valve for $35 each. The manager of the valve division manager has argued that if it is forced to meet the external price of $35 it will lose money on internal sales. The operating data for the last year for the valve division follow Valve Division Operating Statement-Last year To Installation Division To Outside Sales 20,000 $40 $800,000 20,000 $60 $1,200,000 Variable co st 20,000 $30 (600,000) (600,000) Allocated fixed cost (135,000) (135,000) Gross margin $ 65,000 $465,000 Analyze the situation and urge a course of action. What should the installation division managers do? What should the valve division managers do? What should the US Pumps senior manager do? From this situation, we can see that the installation division managers are able to achieve the necessary valve division output at a lower price. Also, the valve divisio

Personal Jurisdiction in the Internet Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Jurisdiction in the mesh Age - Essay ExampleIt is providing general information, allowing readers to contribute their opinions, and these characteristics argon certainly more passive than interactive. A closer examination, however, reveals that this website is quite interactive. At the top of the page there is a donate link. Readers are boost to support this site financially because it is not a traditional commercial enterprise. Donating online is a form of two-way communication and hardly passive. In addition, there are many advertisements on this web page. While advertisements alone, per se, are inadequate to justify in the flesh(predicate) jurisdiction, these particular advertisements are related to the conspiracy topic of the web site. in that location are shirts with the web page logo for sale, advertisements for investments in gold and precious metals to hide from an inevitable stinting crash, and a web site store hawking everything from key rings to videos and hat s. Most significantly, these products are sell online, through the web site. The operator of this web site, therefore, must recognize that many states can acquire personal jurisdiction. This web site is not passive. This web site is much more than the middle spectrum cases to which Wolf refers.

Evaluate how the marketing strategy of Google Inc aided to its Article

Evaluate how the marketing strategy of Google Inc aided to its economic rise and sustainability. Where is this success attributed to - Article ExampleHowever, the Web of 1996 was considerably different compared to what it is now. Anyone who presently uses a front engine can vouch that the completeness of the index is not the solo factor in the quality of pursuit results (Bagdikian, 1997). Junk results many times erase any results that a user is interested in. In fact, as of June 1997, merely one of the top three commercial search engines returned its own search page as a response to its name in the top ten results (Kleinberg, 1998). One of the main reasons of this problem was that the build of documents in the indices had been rising by many levels of magnitude, but the users ability to view documents had not. People only valued to view the first few tens of results. Due to this, as the collection size increases, tools that have very noble precision (number of relevant documen ts returned, e.g. in the top ten of results) are required. Of course, it was desired that the notion of relevant only consisted of the very best documents since there could have been tens of thousands of somewhat relevant documents. This wide accuracy is significant even off at the expense of recall (the total number of relevant documents the system is able to return). Recently, there is considerable optimism that the use of more hypertextual information can assist in improving search and other applications. Specifically, link up structure and link text supply plenty of information for deciding relevance judgments and quality filtering (Kleinberg, 1998). Incidentally, Google employs two link structure and anchor text.Another significant design aim was to construct systems that a sensitive number of people could actually employ. Usage was significant to Google because they believe that a considerable number of the or so exciting research will require leveraging the huge amount of usage data that is open from modern

Is There a Soul Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is There a Soul - Assignment manikinFirstly, other than the physical effect that differentiates one individual from the other or one alert occasion from the other, what exactly differentiates one individual from everyone else, or one living social occasions from all the other living thins of the same(p) species? Secondly, what exactly feels the pain, sorrow, and sadness on the event of the loss of a loved one through dying? The attempt to answer these two questions simply points to the existence of a limpid non-physical matter component of the living things that makes the living things distinct from the other members of their species, and which experiences the pain of loss through death (Bishop, 2000).Further, if two individuals are innate(p) as identical twins and brought up in the same environment, observing the same behavior and mannerisms, in that respect will still exist some aspects that make each of the two identical twins distinct from each other. Thus, the distinct n on-physical and non-matter element of humans and other living things, which gives each individual living thing the I-factor, makes it unique from all the rest. This individual element of consciousness that makes an individual distinct from all the rest is basically defined as the soul (Klemp, 2009). In this respect, the soul represents the irreducible element of consciousness, which makes it impossible for scientists to make whatsoever form of aliveness in the laboratory by mixing any of the non-living matter. The simple fact that life stems from life and never from the non-living matter, is a clear demonstration of the fact that there is some aspect of the non-physical matter that holds the essence of life, which in itself is the soul.

Conducting a Physical Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conducting a Physical perspicacity - Research Paper Exampleystem consists mainly of his new-found friends at the same seniors facility, including those much older than him and who may swallow slightly different viewpoints on life and on other more important matters. His attitude is by and large positive, looking to enjoy the rest of his life in a quiet manner.In this portion of the paper, the client is assessed based on a variety of factors which can affect his sensual, emotional and mental health, either positively or negatively. Each factor is a reflection of how this factor impacts on a person passim a certain period in his life.Two social factors the first is making new friends at the seniors facility, which is quite a positive impact and the other factor is engagement in various unoccupied activities such as playing games of bowling or chess. Bowling is a relatively mild physical activity, while chess stimulates the brain and helps prevent or delay mental ailments, like Alzheimers or dementia. whatever social or mild physical activity is encouraged to keep the client fit, as a potential nursing diagnosis.Two cultural factors the client is not a native English speaker, and thus speaks the dialect of his birth or his mother tongue. His English language proficiency skills is average, so he longs for flock who can speak his own language. He also feels homesick at times, and he wants a prevail assigned who speaks the same language, as it can affect health (Andrews & Boyle. 2008, p. 265). The impact of this inability to return forwards he dies is negative, causing sadness or depression. In his old country, gage is generally considered acceptable, especially among the males. It has a negative impact on his health as he had smoked for decades he stopped smoking recently. An actual nursing diagnosis is to make smoking cessation a permanent fixture.Two economic factors the client is well provided for, considering his children are well off and workin g in good paying jobs. Besides, he also has an adequate

Issues Associated with Modern Slavery in the UK Essay

Issues Associated with modernistic Slavery in the UK - Essay Example..9 Appendix A ...................................................................................................................................11 Bibliography .13 Issues Associated with Modern Slavery in the UK Abstr mask Even in the modern era, many people all all over the world be considered property by the industries they are employed by. These people are obligate into get while they are stripped from their basic benevolent rights. Modernized human slaveholding includes human trafficking, bonded thrall and child labor among other examples. The institutions controlling human slavery are so strong that contempt the efforts of many government bodies and NGOs they are still at large. Though such actions make the organizations enjoy low gear costs and high profitability because of lower than normal wages they pay to these enslaved people, still this abomination ordure cause a strain on the social structu re of any country. People loose their self respect and the society suffers the strain of low morality. We, as human beings, owe our society to participate in the government efforts so that we can get rid of this atrocity. Introduction Slavery can be defined as a situation where people are considered property by their employers and are therefore forced into labor and deprived from their basic human rights. In todays world modern slavery exits in many forms which includes human trafficking, child labor and bonded slavery to name a few (See mannequin 1 in Appendix A). In the past two years it is estimated that roughly around 1,500 cases of slavery and human trafficking have been reported to the British police. The article Modern Slavery in the United nation highlights that there are three elements of the exploitative relationship which constitute slavery. These are severe economical exploitation, the lack of a basic human rights framework and the control of wholeness person over some other by the prospect or reality of violence. Of the 12.3 million people enslaved in the world today, roughly 360,000 are approximated to be present in well industrialized countries, while the remaining 250,000 270,000 are expected to be locked in forced labor in less industrialized areas. As slavery is an illegal act executed by organized mafia, employing clandestine methods, its exact numbers will always vary from estimated studies (Craig 2007 Craig et al 2007 Engerman et al 2001). This report focuses on slavery in the UK, which includes all forms of bonded & forced labor. The approach adopted is one of a qualitative analysis across various industries within the UK, with statistics included where appropriate. Main Findings The most ballpark form of modern day slavery is human trafficking for the purpose of sexual or forced labor. However, human trafficking is not always easy to identify as a case of modern day slavery as it may be disguised as any of a variety of other off enses. In 2007, the Child Exploitation & Online Protection Centre (CEOP) conducted a study in the UK which resulted in the exposure of 330 pretend & confirmed cases of trafficked children in the country. Of these 183 went missing from social services care. This study concluded that there is a frightening lack of awareness of trafficking among those involved with child & teen labor (Yorkshire Post 2007). Many councils

Comparing Ibn khaldun ecnomics theory with laffer curve, Taxation Research Paper

Comparing Ibn khaldun ecnomics hypothesis with laffer curve, Taxation - Research Paper ExampleIbn Khaldun appears as a herald of the prominent American economist Arthur Laffer whose suggestion complements that high rates contract the tax base since diminution the stinting activity (Ibn et al. 1969).According to Laffer, the relationship amid tax and revenues is that changes in taxes have effects on profits. Ibn Khalduns concepts are comparable to those of supply economics that emphasizes incentives and tax reduction as a way of economic development. Ibn Khalduns taxation theory is considered a unique and one of his most significant contributions to the economic policy. His tax theory has cemented a place in the world of economics. The paper attempts to table experimental evidence that can alimentation and fortify his tax theory. It similarly introduces Ibn Khalduns exemplary work Muqaddimah as well as economic ideologies seen in his work. On another account, the essay seeks to e xamine Ibn Khaldunss theory and the Laffer curve comparatively.The key accusatory of Ibn Khalduns theory of taxation is to reduce to the lowest level possible the levies upon individuals capable of undertaking ethnic enterprises. Through this way, the individuals will psychologically dispose of themselves to undertake their activities because there is an assurance that they will make a profit at the end of the day. He, therefore, advocates reducing the burden of taxation upon business entities, as well as producers, in order to entice the enterprise through guaranteeing greater returns to the entrepreneur, as well as revenue to the government. In practice, he realized that the government depends on low taxes. And for that reason, the enterprises increase in the number as well as size therefore permitting the growth of the tax base, revenue, and governmental surplus (Ibn et al. 1969). At the close of a dynasty, taxation produces massive income from small valuation. The reason ther eby is that when family trails the means of religion, it executes

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Personal Statement Example This issue always bothered me much and I began to make detailed study of sociology of crimes. Reformation and rehabilitation of prison house inmates I was selected to study the conditions in substitution clink Tihar, New Delhi (India) and the amenities available to the jail inmates. I was one among group of 12 college students from distinct countries chosen by the authorities of the UNESCO Head Office at Paris for a three months study-cum-research objectify on the subject of Reformation and Rehabilitation of Prisoners and I represented the State of Texas, America. India has a huge throw away population, and Tihar is the biggest Jail in India, with an average population of 14000 inmates spread over 13 Jails in different part of New Delhi. Our first meeting was with the Public Relations Officer of Tihar Administration. He seemed to have read the judgment processes going on in the minds of some of us. He gave us, among other literature, a 4 page nerve pathway than began with the following quote from Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, which read thus Another error which hatful indulge in is the fear that if jail conditions are improved people will flock in This shows a singular ignorance of human nature. No one wants to go to prison however good the prison might be. To be deprived of liberty and family life and friends and home surroundings is terrible thing. It is well cognise that the Indian peasant will prefer to stick to his ancestral soil and starve rather than go elsewhere to better his condition. The technological development and the promised benefits of the materialistic civilization, the youngsters from rural areas of India are migrating to the metropolitan cities. This is the problem beforehand many developing countries. Unable to get proper employment, with poor accommodation facilities, they take to the path of crime to get rich quickly. Once they are ar residuumed and land in Jail, they com e across many fit(p) criminals who advise them about the benefits of the criminal life. The process of degeneration begins, and this is one of the important reasons for increase in the Jail population. Another stunning revelation was presented before us. Amongst the jail population, the number of actual convicts is just 30% and the rest are under trials. The judicial process is very slow in India and the reasons for that are manifold. On a cursory glance of the literature relating to functioning of the jails, we found that it was due to shortage of the investigating and judicial officers, discipline in the submission of the charge sheet and the subsequent hearings take years and the accused remains languished deep down the four walls of the prison. An unfortunate consequence of the prevailing social and economic conditions in India is the steady increase in the Jail population. Overcrowding in Jails is a serious issue and in some Jails, it is to such an extent, that prisoners sle ep in shifts. Gangsters, bride-burners, anti-social elements, petty thieves, and all sorts of criminals are accommodated together, under the brand of under trials. Prisoners are a special potpourri of humanity and they need individual counselling depending upon the nature of crimes committed by them and as per their mental frame. The next issue is about the judicial process. Those guilty need to be awarded punishment quickly and innocents should not be made to languish in prisons. In the first few days of our study, we interviewed a number of travel by officials from the prison

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

environmental Ethical Issues - Essay ExampleEnvironmental ethics is a wise sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the ethical problems surrounding environmental protection. (Yang, 2006). Environmental ethics c alones for attempts on the part of humans to undertake the provision of safe and healthy environment not only for their own generations but also for all the animals and plants on Earth.Environmental issues have not been adequately addressed in the past, given the lack of widely distributed awareness and a curiosity to achieve more. We have largely relied on dodo fuels as the unplumbed source of energy to fulfill our domestic and industrial needs and have unintentionally caused irreparable equipment casualty to the environment through the emission of toxic gases into the air as a result of burning of the fossil fuels causing phenomenon like global warming. Birth of events like Earth Day in 1971 served to increase common awareness about global environmental pollution in masses all over the creation which overtly expressed their concerns on the issue and their concerns were addressed in the form of first United Nations Environmental Conference which took place in Stockholm the following year. (Yang, 2006). This conference paved way for further measures that include but were not limited to the development of laws to ensure environmental safety on both field and international level in the years to follow. People began to realize the importance of environmental ethics especially when philosophers published papers to address this issue. Three papers namely Is there a need for a new, an environmental ethic?, Animal liberation and The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement were published by Richard Routley, Peter Singer and Arne Naess respectively in 1973. These authors belonged to different countries and cultural backgrounds and their joint concern over the issue depicted the whole worlds curiosity to

Income inequality in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Income contrast in the UK - Essay ExampleThese factors are legion(predicate) and include increases in the financial returns of education, the effects of trade liberalization, changes in government tax and welfare indemnity and changes in employment patterns (Cribb, 2013). Technological progress has increased financial returns to education to which is thought of as the lucre premium that more highly skilled workers enjoy over less skilled workers.Answers to profound income inequality have always been related to the four reasons however, more baffling is the rapid increase in the income of the workers at the top, for instance (Cribb, 2013), asserts that those who are in the top 0.1% have had their income rising faster than those who occupy the top 1%. Nonetheless, globalization and international labour mobility has been cited to be leading cause of the increasing disparity.The purpose of the text is to seek income inequality in the UK and achieves the purpose as it vividly provides the answer to the quest of the assignment causes of inequality in the UK. The paper, Income inequality in the UK, by Jonathan Cribb was published by a respectable institution, the Economic review on February

Cultural Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Analysis - Essay ExampleGovernment statistics of Iceland note that 94 percent of the inhabitants of Iceland hump in the urban regions whereas up to 63 percent are the residents of the Reykjavik metropolitan area ( great deal).The history of Iceland can be understood to be based on survival prosperity. Iceland was discovered by the Scandinavian sailors around the mid-ninth deoxycytidine monophosphate. The first settler arrived in Iceland in 874. Landnmabk, the book of settlements, compiled in the twelfth century contains information about the initial 400 settlers in Iceland. A famous story set heap there is that Floki, a Norse Viking made a voyage to Iceland but he spent all his time and energy on fishing and hunting and thus could not lay up both hay for the livestock, because of which they died during the winters, thus giving the land its name as Iceland. Icelandic history is shaped by the Norsemen settlers from the British Isles, Celts, and Scandinavia around the 9th and 10th centuries and is significantly shaped by the events occurring on the Nordic Countries larger policy-making stage (History). Christianity was adopted in Iceland around the year 1000 (History). Nearly 33 per cent Icelanders were wiped out during the Black Plague infection in 1402. In 1940, the British Troops active Iceland. The Republic of Iceland was formally established in 1944 (History). The Icelandic language has remained almost the same since the 12th century and its similar to the Old Norse language. Letters of the Icelandic alphabet are not recognized in the modern English. For example, is an Icelandic alphabet that is pronounced as th.The most prominent faith in Iceland is Christianity. This is evident from the fact that the population following the Lutheran Church in Iceland is 80.7 per cent, those following the papistical Catholic Church make 2.5 per cent of the total, and other populations include Free Church 2.4%,

Maternal Behaviors and Their Effect on the Unborn Child Essay Example for Free

Maternal Behaviors and Their Effect on the Unborn Child Essaymaternal quality can be one of the most magical times in a womans life. there is zip fastener quite like taking care of the little person that is growing in the womb, and knowing that everything you do is going to puzzle some kind of yield on that little person.For a vast volume of women, pregnancy is a magical time, one filled with awe and wonder. Pregnant women tend to take bust care of themselves, making sure that they are providing the best environment for their growing peasant. Some women, however, do reasonable the opposite and do not take care of themselves and thus harm the unhatched child in their womb.There are several things that can puzzle an unfavorable effect on the growing child. mavin of them is the mothers living. This is an easily adjustable factor, but one that some women dont genuinely think about. When a woman becomes pregnant, according to www.americanpregnancy.org, she needs to cons ume roughly 300 more calories than design in order to take a shit a healthy pregnancy(http//www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/pregnancynutrition.html).This will provide the extra nutrition that the fetus needs. If a mother does not consume enough calories, she is putting her child at adventure of being malnourished. A poorly nourished infant is more likely to get sick, as they do not have the ability to fight off illness as well as a properly nourished child. There is also a possibility that undernourishment can have an equal on the mental cultivation of a child (Feldman, 329). Proper nourishment is vital to proper development both in the womb and once the child is born.Another demeanor that can have an adverse effect on the growing child is alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol is a teratogen, which is known to be harmful to human development(http//www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/alcohol.html).Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause the unborn c hild to have fetal alcohol syndrome, or FAS. This condition causes the child to be of below-average intelligence, have facial deformities, and harvest-time delays (Feldman, 309). According to www.marchofdimes.com, alcohol can also cause the violate to have sucking and sleeping problems, behavior problems, and speech and language delays(http//www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/alcohol_indepth.html).Even if a mother doesnt drink every day, regular(a) a small amount of alcohol can have adverse effect. Fetal alcohol effects is another condition that a child can develop. With FAE, the child may have some, but not all the symptoms of FAS (Feldman, 329). When my husband and I were foster parents, it was suspected that our foster son had FAE. He did not have growth delays, necessarily, as he was the average size of a child his age, but he did have some intellectual delays, speech problems, and some behavioral issues. Over all, he was a wonderful child, he just needed some extra care and att ention in certain areas to compensate for the places he lacked.Drug use is also a behavior that can cause adverse effects on an unborn child. According to www.marchofdimes.com, about 4% of women use illegal drugs during their pregnancy. These include marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, and other amphetamines. To me, that is a lurch number of women. There are m whatsoever problems that a child faces if the mother used drugs during pregnancy. Premature support and withdrawal seem to be the most common. There is also the possibility of birth defects, such as heart defects and cleft palates. The symptoms and long term effects of drug use vary depending on the grapheme of drug that the mother used.Some drugs are by far worse than others, but all of them keep back a risk. All of the drugs tend to carry a risk of learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and attention problems. There are even some legal drugs, things that you can buy over the counter that can have an adverse effect on an unbor n child (Feldman, 329). Aspirin is one such drug. Using aspirin, because of its channel thinning properties, can harm the child and cause excessive bleeding during childbirth (http//drugs.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/Womens-Health/Medications-to-Avoid-During-Pregnancy.htm).It would be better(predicate) to consult with your doctor before taking any kind of medication while pregnant because any of them can have an adverse effect on the baby during different stages of pregnancy. I know for me personally, I dont like taking anything other than my prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, because Im fearful of what effect it could have on my child. When I was pregnant with my daughter, I almost refused to take Tylenol when I had a headache, because I was afraid it would do some harm. Ive not been quite that way with my son, but I still avoid most medicines because I dont want to risk doing any harm.Pregnancy is nothing short of a miracle, and should be treated as such. Providing a healthy en vironment for the baby to grow is of utmost importance, especially for the well-being of that child. Anything and everything that a mother does during her pregnancy has an effect on her unborn child. Getting proper nutrition and not using or abusing drugs or alcohol will do the mother have a healthy pregnancy and thus a healthy child.ReferencesFeldman, Robert S. (2011) Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 9th versionhttp//drugs.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/Womens-Health/Medications-to-Avoid-During-Pregnancy.htmhttp//www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/alcohol_illicitdrug.htmlhttp//www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/pregnancynutrition.html

Organizational Buyer Behavior and Buyer-Seller Relationships Essay Example for Free

Organizational purchaser Behavior and Buyer-Seller Relationships Essay descent to overlapion line marketing in any case known as Industrial marketing is the marketing of skinnys pulls to organizations including commercial enterprises, government and separate wampum non-profit institutions for use in the goods helps they in turn produce for resale to other customers or to facilitate the procedure of their enterprise (Reeder, Brierty, 2002). business concern to seam market is characterized by few customers who buy in very(prenominal) double quantities and argon geographic eithery concentrated. The customers are professional and rational in their grease ones palms approach. The nature of demand is derived demand, which is usuall(a)y customized. The channels of distribution are shorter and there is more emphasis on personal face-to-face communication. In this era of globalization the patronage environment is characterized by intense contestation.To sustain a nd grow in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a competitive economic environment, logical argument organizations are under tremendous pressure to manufacture a product or provide a returns that is of optimum quality, is customized to individual customer requirements and is delivered on meter at minimum possible price. The role of the suppliers is crucial in helping the business organizations to achieve this objective. To watch over and grow in such business to business markets business marketers lack to understand the Business Buyer Behavior and evolve close, enduring and long-term bloods. Business Buyer BehaviorUnderstanding the dynamics of business get behavior including the organizational acquire surgical process, the types of acquire roles, forces influencing the organization buyer behavior, the composition of the buying contract and the motives and the roles played by each member of the buying center is crucial for business marketers to identify money make market segm ents, locate the various buying bows within these segments and reaching these buyers efficiently and effectively with product or dish out offerings that satisfy their require. The Organizational Buying ProcessThe organizational buying behavior is a process rather than an isolated program. It involves comprehensive phases or stages. The process begins with the recognition of a acquire for a product or service by someone in the caller. Broad parameters for the desired product/service are then worked out. Detailed specifications and description for the desired product or service are developed. Once the company has defined the product /service it requisites then the search for strength suppliers who can meet the needs begins, alternative suppliers are identified, asked to submit their proposals and the proposals analyzed.The short-listed suppliers are invited for negotiations and the final suppliers are selected. The order is then placed with the selected suppliers on the agreed terms. Finally the murder of the firms supplying the required products/ services is reviewed periodically. The buying process stage of the potential buyer for the venders product or service go away have a study implication on the marketing approach to be adopted by the seller. Types of Buying Situations There are basically three major types of buying situations, namely the on-key rebuy, modified rebuy and unfermented-task buy.In a straight rebuy situation the buyer reorders a product or service without any modifications on a minute basis through the purchase department. In a modified rebuy situation the buyer whitethorn manage a modification in product/service specifications, prices, terms of supply etc. This situation usually involves more routine of participants in the buying purpose process. In a new task buying situation the company is buying a product or service for the first time. In such a situation the organization buying process is more complex and involves many m ore number of participants from different departments in the organization.The buying company also needs to decide on the product/service specifications, prices, delivery terms, order quantities, service terms etc. Forces Influencing Business Buying Behavior The organization buying behavior is forged by environmental forces give care changes in the domestic and global economy and changes in the technologies. The fast strides made in information technology especially Internet technology has had a major influence in the way businesses buy. For example most of the small and large business organizations buy computer systems from dell through its well developed website www. ell. com. Organization buying behavior is also influenced by the organizational forces like centralization and decentralization of purchase and strategic role and priorities of purchase prevalent in the given organization. The aggroup forces influencing behavior include the composition, motives and the roles played by each member of the buying center. Buying Center It is the decision-making unit of a buying organization and comprises of all members of the organization who are involved in the buying decision process.The members of the buying center will change depending on the product/service being purchased and the buying situation in which it is being purchased. The buying center members whitethorn play any one or a combination of the five roles namely, users, influencers, buyers, deciders and gatekeepers. Users are the members who will actually use the product being offered. Influencers are members who influence the purchase. Buyers are members who have the formal authority to make the purchase.Deciders are members who have formal or unceremonial power to select/approve the final suppliers. Gatekeepers are members who control the flow of information from the seller to other members of the buying center. The buying motives/objectives of each member of the buying center through which the me mbers evaluate potential suppliers may differ. The motives may include task oriented objectives such as price, quality, service and Return on enthronization and non-task oriented objectives such as recognition, promotion, increments and job security.Companies involved in business to business marketing need to clearly identify the buying situation, the stage or the phase in the buying decision making process for the product being offered, the various forces influencing the buying organizations behavior, the composition of the buying center, the role played by each member of the buying center and the criteria on which they evaluate the suppliers for each individual customer. Based on such an understanding they should evolve suitable marketing strategies for success.For example Unilever the British FMCG major may need new high-speed packaging equipment for its innovation in detergent small mighty. Companies in the business of packaging equipment need to understand that it is a new ta sk buy situation for Unilever. And the company may be in the need identification stage of the buying process. They need to have closer relationship with the members from different functional areas like operations, engineering, design, finance and purchase who may comprise the buying center, understand the motives of purchase and the role played by each member.This is crucial because each of this buyer behavior characteristic will have an implication on the buying decision process at Unilever. This will help the supplier to evolve suitable marketing strategies to be the favoured supplier of Unilever. Relationship emphasis in Business to Business Marketing In the highly competitive environment that is prevalent today, suppliers have evolved into business partners. There is a major emphasis on close and long-term relationships in the business to business markets. To maintain the relationships, business markets must develop an intimate knowledge of the customers and add value to it.Rela tionship marketing centers on all marketing activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining successful exchanges with customers (Morgan, Hunt, 1994). A strong relationship between the buyer and the seller is a win-win situation for both(prenominal). The seller will have a competitive advantage over his competition and the buyer will have effective business solutions to his problem. The relationships between the buyer and the seller in the business to business setup are positioned on a spectrum with transactional exchanges on one end and collaborative exchanges at the other extreme with value-added exchanges in the middle.Transactional Exchanges focus on timely exchange of a product/service for a competitive price. Economy and necessity are the main motivational factors of such exchanges with little chase on the part of the buyer or the seller to extend the relationship. much(prenominal) types of exchanges may be preferred by the buying organization when the purchase decision is not complex, the purchase is considered to be less large to the achievement of its objectives, many suppliers are available and the supply market is stable. Here the business marketer need not make any specialized investment in building relationships.For example the supply of part stationery and cleaning services may call for a transactional relationship. Value added exchanges focus on hump understanding of the present and future needs of the customer and meeting those needs better than the competitor by customizing the firms offerings to the needs of individual customers. For example Intel Corporation, a leading player in the semiconducting material industry has understood the ever-changing computer server needs of it corporate clients and has developed and introduced a new chip that lowers electricity consumption to a very great extent.This has drastically reduced the huge electricity bills of its customers like Google Corporation that maintain thousands of servers world wide (Edwards, 2006) Collaborative Exchanges focus on building a strong social, economic, service and technical ties over a long period of time for mutual good through reduced costs and increased value. Such exchanges are very crucial when the market is very dynamic, the complexity of purchase is very high and the product/service being purchased is very crucial for the performance of the end product of the buying organization.In such situations the switching costs involved in changing a supplier are also very high for the buying organization. For example Asin is the sole supplier to the Japanese car manufacturing major Toyota Motors for p-valve, a critical brake part used in all Toyota vehicles worldwide. Aisin works in very close collaboration with Toyota Motors and is highly involved in the product reading process at Toyota Motors to keep pace with the innovations being made in the Toyota vehicles and meet the JIT production requirements of Toyota (Liker, 2004) .Business Marketers have some flexibility in deciding where to participate along the relationship continuum. It basically depends on the characteristics of the market, the type and price of product/service being offered and the significance of product/service being offered to the buying organization. However rival companies are continuously working towards taking away the best accounts and so also the requirements, expectations and the preferences of the individual customers keeps changing continuously.To meet these challenges business marketers must develop mutually beneficial relationships with individual customers by developing a deep understanding of their needs. Information should be openly shared to benefit both the buyer and the seller. The systems, procedures, and routines of the buyer and seller should be connected to facilitate operations. There should be very good cooperation between the buyer and seller and both should treat the buying situations as joint responsibilitie s.Both the buyer and seller should invest in processes and procedures that are necessary to meet the specific needs of the exchange partners. Such mutually beneficial relationships between the buyer and the seller will result in better service to the business customer as the seller will be able to provide customized product/service solutions that precisely meet the individual customer needs. Conclusion Business to business markets are growing in volume as compared to consumer markets.The characteristics of the Business to business markets call for closer buyer seller relationships. Companies operating in the Business to business markets should clearly study the organizational buyer behavior with respect to the product or service they offer. They should decide on the type of relationship, ranging from transactional exchange to collaborative exchange, which they should adopt with each customer to gain competitive advantage in the intensively competitive business environment.

Successful Athlete Essay Example for Free

Successful Athlete EssayVince Lombardi says the price of success is hard work, dedication to the craft at hand and the determination that whether we win or lost we have applied the scoop up of ourselves to the chore at hand. A dedicated athlete puts forth their all by fully devoting themselves to their sport. They always deform to give one hundred and ten percent before during and after practice. Athlete achieves their success erudite they worked hard to attain it and can truly say they accomplished something that makes them a better person. For instance basketball sensation LeBron James keeps striving to improve. Branded the next Michael Jordan when he was in high school and drafted by the Cleveland cavaliers LeBron James kept his cool and kept working hard. He emerged an all-star and leader the cavaliers to the NBA playoffs three years in a row and made it to the NBA finals in 2007 against the San Antonio spurs. However the cavaliers lost their championship bid in quar tet consecutive games.James continued to help the cavaliers improve in 2008 the team made it to the semifinals where they defeated by the Boston Celtics in seven games. Struggling for an NBA championship, shortly after becoming a free agent, up to now James announced that he would be joining the Miami heat. Many of his fans consider hid departure a traitorousness to his hometown. James finishes second in the league during his first season with the heat. The 2011-2012 seasons also saw major success for James and the Miami heat. Winning his first NBA championship defeating the Oklahoma City thunder. Throughout his NBA career, LeBron James has been considered one of the best player in the league, and has been compared to basketball great Michael Jordan.

Bleep Test Essay Example for Free

go Test EssayPower is strength and speed together. A good example of this is sprinting. Coordination is the ability to development up your limbs effectively. This would be engagementd in sports like tennis and cricket. Flexibility is the amount of movement at a certain bea of your personate. This hindquarters be seen when doing gymnastics. Agility is the ability to move and change direction on your feet, changing your organic structure position. Squash is a good example of this. Balance is the ability to oblige an dependable position. This would be used a lot in ballet. Body Composition is the build up of your t overhaulk e. g. the amount of musclebuilder/fat/bone you get under ones skin.Reaction Time is how quickly you respond to a stimulus. A good example of this would be sprinters waiting for the shot to start. fortitude is the ability to keep going for coarse periods, like a long distance runner doing the 1500m belt along is how quickly you can put your body into action and how quickly you can c every(prenominal)where a distance. 100m sprinters need this component. Strength is the maximum weight you can lift or the muscular endurance you can endure. This can be seen in a body builder lifting their maximum weight. The components of fitness I am hoping to improve on are Strength tendinous and Cardiovascular endurance Composition To improve on my strength I am going to use resistance genteelness. This will involve lifting 10kg weights every night and increasing the amount of repetitions I do. To improve on my muscular and cardiovascular endurance I am going to use continuous training. This will cogitate doing long distance running and a sit up sound test. I will soft increase on the distance covered when running. The overall effect of this training should improve my body composition, adding to my muscle and reducing the amount of fat. Heart footstep During my P. E.P I will record my heart appreciate at several key points during the activity. Resting Heart Rate Working Heart Rate Recovery Rate Resting Heart Rate is the number of beat generation whilst resting e. g. whilst reading Working Heart Rate is the number of beats after you have performed an economic consumption e. g. after you have just played in a rugger planech Recovery Rate is the time it takes for your heart to return to its resting heart identify. Target Zones 205 Anaerobic training zone (Insufficient o2) 200 170 Aerobic training zone (Sufficient o2) 130 Resting heart rate 70 I will take my resting heart rate onwards I do any charitable of flyingly up or activity.I will and so do the warm up and of import activity and take my heart rate immediately after, every minute for five minutes before doing a warm raze. I will be looking for an increase in my recovery rate and a possible decrease in my resting heart rate. Performing the natural process It is essential that, when I am performing my main activity that I execute a sufficient warm up and warm down. A Warm Up When exercising you need to do a sufficient warm up to warm the muscles. A warm up should not be a strenuous task, it should be something that takes undersize effort but gets your muscles warm, a slow job is a good example of this. after(prenominal) you have warmed your muscles you should proceed to stinting them. When reach outing it is vital that you dont force the stretch as this could lead to mixed injuries. A stretch should be held for roughly ten seconds before proceeding to the next. If a sufficient warm up is not properly through or not done at all consequently you risk serious injury. A Warm Down A warm down should be down after any main activity. It is done to remove the lactic acid from your muscles. Again it should not be strenuous, a light jog (or even a slow walk) is sufficient for a warm down.You should withal stretch your muscles (in the same fashion as mentioned above). Failure to do this could result in fatigue and tenderness for a f ew days after. Main Activity When doing a main activity you need to be aware of what your limits are. Pushing yourself too furthermost can result in serious injury. Although testing your limits is hash out breaking them is something that should always be averted. Stretches Stretches need to be performed before and after any activity. This is done to avoid serious injury during the activity and to decrease fatigue after the activity.These are the basic stretches used. It is important to stretch each muscle properly without straining or forcing the stretch as this could cause serious injury. A stretch should be held for 10-15 seconds. The main ones I will be using are the Abdom Abductor displace Back Calf Hamstring Chest as these will be the most used areas during my P. E. P. My Activity For my activity I am going to firstly make sure I have done a sufficient warm up. This will consist of a steady jog of about 300m then stretching the main muscle groups, then a steady jog back to the starting point.After doing so I will have a short rest period then do a sit up multi level fitness test. This is where you do sit ups to a recorded bleep which speeds up as the levels increase. After doing this I will do a warm down. This will be a slow walk then doing the standard stretches and a slow walk back. When at family every night I will do 15 repetitions of my 10kg weights. For this I will first stretch my arms then proceed to doing the repetitions. Once completed I will stretch my arms again. This exercise should not be performed alone so I will always have someone with me when executing it. I will also be doing 100 sit ups.Both of these exercises will progress over time. Technique When performing my main activities I need to make sure I am using the right technique. When doing the long distance running I need to ill-use myself and remain at that pace for the duration of the run otherwise I will tire quickly. For the sit ups I need to keep my arms crossed across my chest and have a downward pressure on my feet, doing this every time will allow fair results to come through. For the weightlifting I have a poster that tells me the correct ways to lift the weights, this will help me use the proper technique and reduce the risk of injury.None of these tasks should be performed if I sustain an injury as it will only make it worse and prolong its effects. Equipment For my main activities I am going to need several pieces of equipment. For the long distance run I dont particularly need anything but for the sit ups I need a stereo with register playing capabilities and a tape of the multi level fitness test. I also need a mat to lye on to support my back. For the weight lifting I need my 10kg weights and the poster which tells me the correct technique. Fitness Level sooner starting the 6 workweek training program I tested my fitness levels through a bleep test and a circuit.This is how we test the components of fitness. Power Standing long jump C oordination Bouncing a tennis ball off a wall alternating the catching and throwing hands Agility slalom through cones Reaction Time Dropping a ruler and seeing at what measurement it was caught Endurance Bleep test Speed Shuttle run Strength Throwing a 3kg ball as far as possible from a sitting position using a chest pass. My results are as follows Power 180cm Coordination 18 catches Agility 820 seconds Reaction Time 15cm Endurance 7. 5 Speed 5. 20 seconds Max Reps 15Highest Level On Sit Up Bleep Test 5. 4 When I performed the bleep test I was suffering from a minor flu which has affected my scotch on the activity so this will undoubtedly improve on the second time around. As for the other results they should improve after my training period, mainly my targeted components. If they do not then my 6 week plan hasnt been sufficient enough and I will have to look back at the frequency, durability etc of the activities done. My P. E. P For my 6 week training period I am going to be do ing a sit up bleep test every G. C. S.E lesson as well as a 100 sit ups at home every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Every night I will do 15 reps of 10kg weights. I will progressively build up the amount of sit ups and reps I do as well as trying to progress to higher levels on the sit up bleep test. On top of this I will be doing my usual schedule of rugby training. These training sittings are done on Monday, Tuesday and Sunday. If for any reason I feel I am not able of performing an activity due to risk of injury then I will leave it for that session and see how I am feeling on the next session.

Good Governance Essay Example for Free

Good Governance auditionGood Governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transp atomic number 18nt, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. It assures that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities be taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-making. It is in addition responsive to the present and future needs of society. But there is one characteristic I the like most, it is the Accountability. Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governingal institutions but similarly the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. Who is accountable to who varies depending on whether decisions or actions taken are internal or external to an organization or institution. In general an organization or an institution is accounta ble to those who depart be affected by its decisions or actions.Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law. Maybe some of you will ask why is accountability important to Governance? It is because it evaluates the ongoing effectiveness of public officials or public bodies ensures that they are do to their full potential, providing value for money in the provision of public services, in shut awaying confidence in the government and organism responsive to the community they are meant to be serving. Being accountable is also being liable, responsible for(p) for every person that affects your decision. For example, me as a Student leader we are here to serve students, to deal for their rights. Therefore, we must consider first the sake of the students before we make a decision. Because when we took our positions there is a synonymic responsibility that we must face. Reproductive Health Bill inform in ally known as the RH Bill, are proposed laws in the Republic of the Philippines aiming to guarantee universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.For sure you are wondering why this issue is in this essay, well I believe this issue is related on being accountable. Why? Did government even consider that our country is well known to be a religious country? That, in every time they use those contraceptives they are actually killing an devoid life? They always say that this is the only way to surpass, lessen poverty. But its actually wrong, do they consider the effect of this or should I say to they consider themselves accountable/liable for this? Corruption is in spades one of the problems seen by the citizen and the government as well. There have been lots of controversies relative to government officials being involved with money issues. The thing is that even though there are hearings and investigations, the truth never seems to have intercourse outwhether its positive or nega tive news. Poverty and employment would also be among the problems. There are much people that are going hungry. Government and Us are all accountable to it.Why? We as a citizen we can make a living among ourselves because at the end of the day we are still the driver of our own life. But, as a citizen we voted those who are on the position now because we believe that they will minimize our burdens. At the point that we elect them they are already accountable. But after they got what they want all their promises turn to trash. They do things without even considering us. In the end, nothings happen. Accountability or being accountable can be achieved by putting and doing all our jobs in our hearts. Yes, its hard but we chose to be in this taper all we need to do is face it effectively and do the best we can for the better. Dont be scared to commit mistakes because those are our experiences and lesson learned. Remember, think first before you make a decision.

Year of Wonders Essay Example for Free

course of instruction of Wonders EssayBackground of the novel1. William Shakespeare wrote most of his known plays mingled with 1589 and 1613, and died in 1616.2. Elizabeth I was succeeded by James VI of Scotland (becoming James I of Great Britain upon his crowning), in 1603.3. Between the years of 1649 and 1660, during the position Civil War, England had no monarch instead, the country was temporarily ruled by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell as a military/parlia ment.4. In 17th Century England, art objecty mickle believed that witches were abound and were the cause of a classification of otherwise difficult-to-explain behaviour amongst people if a person were found guilty of witchcraft, they were sentenced to termination by hanging. 5. Puritans were those of a particular division of the Christian faith, differing nonably from other branches in mostly their views on morality, which they believed to be incredibly important and pursued down to the finest take of detail an d the structure and manner of their worship (shunning the baulk of outside sources, much(prenominal) as rulers of the land, into religion, and non pursuit happiness by normal means, t identicalg it instead from their belief that they were acting according to deitys go forth).6. (I couldnt answer the first part of this incertitude, as after go outing denary versions of the books cover there come alongs to be no pass off phrase to consider as a subtitle.)Historical Fiction1. time some people whitethorn hold the runation that historic fiction would be based on facts and research, painting a realistic picture of its setting, I would say that such an assumption is non, or at least should not be, usually present diachronic fiction is labelled as fiction for a ground, and as such is grounded too much in alternate reality, aiming too much to provide entertainment quite than information, to be considered an accurate, researched portrayal of its setting. Of course, there are e xceptions Year of Wonders, in part, being one exactly even that does not provide a realistic enough picture of its time and place to make the emergence of such an expectation of factual provision becoming commonplace in the genre attend a p for each oney idea.2. I believe that an authors ability to shape their material into an effective and engaging report holds a higher position of importance than their willingness to adhere to historically accurate facts if the author aims to engross their audition in the story, indeed e very(prenominal) other aspect of the book is secondary to that goal. In the same mode as one would be unwise to attempt to write a good book active a purposefully boring premise or character, there is little point in maintaining historical accuracy if such maintenance detracts from the entertainment of the piece. Even if the aim is not entertainment, but rather the transfer of a particular report, the same reasoning applies there is little to no reas on in maintaining historical accuracy if the themes being presented could be done so far more effectively without such accuracy.3. Although it is apparently important in any medium to avoid anachronistic occurrences that could detract from the story, I do not agree that the anachronisms in Year of Wonders could be classified as such, in that they do not seem to be truly anachronistic at all. By this, I mean that the attitudes of the main characters do not seem unbelievable, even considering the books setting, as any era will al personal manners nourish those who consider differently indeed, if not for this, this emergence of individuals going against the status quo who may obtain the rare misadventure to influence others, man pleasants common values would never have changed since its inception.Each of the characters in question seems to have been written with enough explanation of their own values and attitudes that they are justified, even within the context. plot of land th ese circumstances are certainly un plausibly, they are not impossible, and attempting to call those two things one and the same is akin to labelling day the same as night by the mere fact that they lie next to each other in the cycle of time.Reading the Novel1. It would seem that the reason for which Geraldine Brooks gave the name Year of Wonders to her novel is that, despite the devastating effects of the plague on Annas life, there truly were wonders that happened for, and around, her in that year. She grew closer than she ever may have expected to a good friend she salvaged many an needy life with her (albeit shaky at first) willingness in being a mid wife, which eventually led to her finding what she believed her honest calling she witnessed her towns sacrificial act of goodness, sparing innocent bystanders from sharing in Eyams wretched deal and, ultimately, she managed to find happiness, emerging from that most trying year scathed but still very much alive, restarting her l ife anew and settling down with two healthy, happy children to call her own.2. Here is a list of my initial impressions of the characters in Year of Wonders * Anna A little girlfriend whose innocence was taken from her by that which she has experienced, appear embittered and disillusioned with the world around her but standing as a strong pillar of benignity in spite of that. To those familiar with the boundaryinology for I can think of no better term for Annas character she seems at first (and throughout the story) to be a Mary Sue. * Michael A once-great man driven into an almost catatonic state by the events of the plague. * Elizabeth An unpleasant woman, spoilt to the point of unthinkable greed and selfishness by the circumstances of her upbringing. * Jamie A child like any other, energetic and inquisitive. * George Good and kind-hearted, to the level that these qualities become suspicious. * Jane A prudish and serious young girl, putting her ghostly views above al l else in her life to a perhaps obsessive extent.* Sam Dull, yet kind a round-eyed man, heart and soul with his life. * Tom A typical baby along with Jamie, he is the subject of his mothers cultism and love, and much of her reason for living now that Sam is dead. * Elinor Kind and carefree, yet contemplative and devoted Annas picture of perfection. * Mem A woman weathered by the world, projecting inherent goodness behind a more grumpy exterior as she remains to tend to a village of people who think none too highly of her. * Anys A young girl showing the same world-weariness, temperament and awareness as her aunt, though whose morality is perhaps more tarred due to her selfishness, her bluntness and her disregard for typical values. * Stanley alike to Jane, a person who treats worship and morality as being almost synonymous with life itself. * Aphra self-absorbed to the extreme and paranoid towards any outside forces in her life.* Lib A representation of a typical girl o f the Middle Ages, serving as a foil to Annas more progressive character. * Colonel Bradford A selfish, stark(a) man, having grown accustomed to abusing the power granted to him. * Miss Bradford A typical blue woman of the times, considering her wealth as a token of superiority. * Robert A wandering young man of high-class birth, seeking simple entertainment after leaving his home town of London. * Mary An unremarkable woman on panorama level, wanting only a plain and happy life. * Surgeon(s) Grouped together because they are of indistinguishable temperaments Fearful men, seeking not truly to aid others at critical points but rather to gain a business line of money from their work and remain in safety themselves. * The sexton A hard-working old man, trying plainly to do his duty in a most difficult time. * Brad Though not curiously evil, a superstitious, desperate and stupid man.* Faith Much the same as her father, Brad.* Urith The same as Brad.* Martin uniform as a bove.* Maggie A hard-working, honest peasant woman.* Jenny Same as above.* Brand A buttoned-down man, but one who has goodness within him. * Jakob Kind and accommodating, despite his difficult lot in life. * Josiah A cruel and angry man not afraid to use his strength to get his own way like his wife Aphra, he seems to reject anything other than the concept of self. * Sally An entirely innocent victim, her death seeming representative of that which makes the villagers start to abandon their faith. * Kate other desperate, simple peasant woman, seeking safety but throwing away reason in an attempt to reach it. * Merry Like Sally, Merry is a unfairly victimised child, but unlike her, Merry appears to represent hope and strength. * Alun A gruff man, set in his ways, but with a good sense of right and wrong. * Randoll A simple villager with a good heart.* hydrogen Another plain villager, of a gruff and unpleasant temperament himself, but angered back into caring about moral ity by Josiahs actions. * Lottie and Tom Desperate parents who have suspended their disbelief of the talismanic in a vain attempt to protect their child. * John A man whose already-fragile mind snapped from the headache and grief of the plague, spurring him to reckless action. * Urith Meek locked up in hiding due more to veneration of her hubby than of the plague. * James A saddening old figure, his faith tested by his continued survival magic spell more meaningful lives pass away in front of his eyes. * Mrs. Bradford A fearful woman, whose subservience to her husband is so great as to surpass her care for her childs life. * The Innkeeper An honest, fair-minded man with a good sense of justice. * Ahmed Refined, kind and accepting.3. Brooks descriptions of the village and countryside are used to create unbelief by portraying the change from a normal, perfectly functional town to a humbled break in mentions of laughter, of playful children and of the sounds of work, ar e replaced by a foreboding silence, piece of music the town itself becomes overgrown and filled with decay. The reason that these scenes scenes of a once-lively town reduced to an image of death create suspense is that, no matter where the characters focus, they will be presented by a reminder of the ruins around them, showing them just how close they are to that fate themselves.4. The views developed by Brooks throughout the narrative seem to combine into one main theme a willingness to question the status quo, to show that the current state of things may not always be for the best. This is shown through class divides (questioning whether the wealthy truly deserve their privileged status, as evidenced by the selfishness of the Bradfords), sexual relation gender equality for the times (as both men and women play a crucial role in stopping the end situation from being even worse if, as was typical of the times, only the men had been allowed to decide on issues and, for example, Anna and Elinor had not been able to choose to act as midwives the death toll may well have been higher), and the steadfast determination to perceive the plague as a religious occurrence rather than a natural one (which, by focusing eyes in the wrong direction, likely caused the loss of many lives if the true reason for the plague had been discovered earlier, more effective countermeasures could have been taken). This ecumenic theme, and its components, reflects contemporary attitudes rather accurately recent society has certainly become more open to ever-changing the status quo, and such things as gender equality and reduced expectations of religion seem to have worked rather well in changing society for the better.5. Contrast between characters can be seen between multiple pairs in Year of Wonders. Anna seems to have four main contrasting characters, each of a different kind firstly, she and Aphra are contrasted in their desires, with Annas being largely for the wellbeing of other people while her stepmothers are selfish. Michael Mompellion could be considered the second contrast to Anna, as he is an initially strong man diminished by his trials and losses while Annas seem to serve only to strengthen her resolve in the end. Anys is the contrast to Annas third defining characteristic while Anna is a rather traditional girl despite her individual ways, and hides much of her true self and her opinions inside, Anys views would not seem entirely common in our day, and she has little reservation about speaking her mind bluntly.Finally, Annas situation that of a strong, outgoing woman, secret behind the mask of a cautious, unglamorous girl is opposite to that of Elinor, who appears in Annas eyes to be a near-flawless woman radiating energy but is internally scarred and in turmoil. Elinor, with her constant graciousness and equal treatment despite her high-class family background, has another contrasting character of her own in Elizabeth, the rich daughter of the Bradfords who abuses her power and thinks only of her own desires. One more prominent contrast is between Colonel Bradford and Michael while both being intelligent men, the Colonel seeks to employ this intelligence only to protect himself, whereas Michael aims to aid those around him.The organize of the Novel1. It seems that flashback has been used here for a multitude of reasons it allows for a more direct before-and-after contrast to show the maturement of her character throughout the year (by virtue of snapping from one to the other in a stepwise build-up, the changes would be less noticeable), it reveals the inevitable end of the story so as to place an emphasis on the books characters and setting rather than its plots ramifications, and it creates a sense of curiosity as to just how events transpired within the focused-upon year to create such change as can be seen.2. While beginning with a flashback is, as previously explained, effective in setting up a variety of paths to set the foundation for telling a tale, it is not a solve-all solution for storytelling some aspects of the story cannot be satisfactorily fleshed out without the reader having some pre-established knowledge of the characters, setting and such things, and so I count on that is for this reason that Brooks decided to revisit this time.3. While I am not certain on this fact, it would seem that the middle thirteen chapters of the story were indeed narrated in chronological order if this is not the case, then I would perhaps say that the signposting to show this anachronism was insufficient.Leaf-fall, 1666 Apple-picking Time1. Key character interactions and quotations in this crack chapter are * Annas devotion to the deteriorated Michael Mompellion, rousing curiosity as to what led to the situation. * Michaels grief and bile over the loss of Elinor. * The cold, vengeful attitude held towards Elizabeth as a member of the Bradfords. * The mention that Josiah loved the upsurge m ore than his children. * Elizabeth being sour-faced and spoiled.* His hand is on the bible, but he never opens it Michaels religious habits contrasting with his shattered faith. * Annas motives in caring for Michael, showing her idolatry of Elinor I do it for her. I tell myself I do it for her. Why else would I do it, after all? * Michaels pivotal recital of a passage from the Bible, showing further his grief from the loss of Elinor and his feeling of betrayal from God Your wife will be like a fruitful vine within your house your children will be like olive shoots around your table2. I think that Brooks chose to use first-person narrative because it would seem that the story she seeks to tell is primarily one of a single girls character development while third-person writing allows for a greater scope of focus on multiple characters or a wider story, the first-person perspective tends to allow the writer to more accurately portray the nuanced thoughts of an individual, and so it s eems more fitting for this purpose. Another possible reason is that this subjective first-person story, shown through the imagined eyes of Anna Frith, paints the emotions and feel of the setting better than a first-person narrative may manage to easily do.3. Archaic and dialect words contribute to the story by creating a more realistic setting in a similar way to the aforementioned example of anachronism (an ancient Roman wearing a watch), the storys sense of realism would be broken if the residents of a small, 17th century British town were to speak just as we do today.4. off from the stated phrases, notable signs of decay, loss and disillusionment in this chapter are * The courtyard hadnt been swept in a sennight. It smelled of rotting straw and horse piss. * If theres one thing I couldnt stand anymore, its the scent of a rotting apple. * sometimes I feel that Im tending just another in that long procession of dead. * My neighbours cottage was empty, the ivy already locomote acr oss the windows and the grey lichens crusting the sills. * Nature has taken less than a year to begin to reclaim its place.5. Some examples of parallels between the physical desolation of the garden and the spiritual desolation of Michael are * The idea that Elinor would be sorry to see what had become of her garden just as it has been dirtied with weeds, so too has Michaels spirit been corrupted by his anger and grief, and Elinor would be most saddened to see what had become of this once-strong man. * In relation to the previous point, Anna remarks, I expect she would understand why it is so. * Anna also remarks on how nobody could truly restore Elinors garden back to its former glory, drawing comparisons to how no matter what efforts Anna or any others may make in improving Michaels state of depression they could never tend to him with the same skill as his wife could have he could never return to being the steadfast bastion of strength that he was when he stood with Elinors sup port.6. It does not, to me, seem that Annas relative stability in the face of Michaels mental collapse indicates a message of feminist resilience regardless of Brooks intention, the two simply seem to be different people, defined in this aspect by their characters rather than their genders. This view is supported by Aphras fall into depraved insanity, which certainly contained no message of women being inherently strong.7. Examples of the complexities of Annas character shown in this chapter are * Her prioritising of compassion above tradition A servant has no right to stay, once shes dismissed. But I did stay (Page 4) * Her hesitance to let any life be in need, unhappiness or danger tending to the horse (I kept prattling, softly, as I used to with the children when they were frighten or hurt. (Page 5)), not wanting to pull out the plant (like me, so brimful of endings that they cannot digest to wrench even a scrawny sapling from its tenuous grip on life. (Page 12)).

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay Example for Free

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay1.The professional inspecting standards have a set of five management effronterys. Of the five assertions, three atomic number 18 very important in regards to the god canvas. The descriptions below, inspect procedure is explained that would have ensured the audit was completed accurately. a.Occurrence- The management assertion that ensures a particular exploit actually happened. In the case of a construction company such as Paragon, this could be support by going to a job site and checking to see if the job is actually happening. b.Valuation/Allocation- The management assertion that ensures the transactions are accounted for the correct amount. Changing from percentage-of completion method to the earned rate method resolvented in significantly over give tongue to revenues and material misstatements in the pecuniary statements. The audit procedure that should take place in this situation is inspection of the records. Looking back at the recor ds would show the change was not supported by the accepted news report standards. c.Presentation/Disclosure- The management assertion that ensures all changes within a company are stated in the notes of the financials. These changes should be easy to understand and depict a complete picture of the company from the year. The audit procedure that should have taken place during the audit is inquiry. Sullivan and the staff should have questioned the motorcoachs on his or her decisions kinda of taking their word as to why the changes were made.2.The audit failures the SEC were referring to was the fact that Sullivan and his staff relied on the managers word. Sullivan and staff did not perform the accurate assertions to test the information provided from Paragons managers. The audit partner, Sullivan in this case, is the individual who is in charge of ensuring everyone on the audit is performing his or her job wholly and accurately. Sullivan will take the blunt of the responsibility b ecause he is ultimately the person who is in charge of overseeing the auditing the audit as a whole, but the audit staff should also face consciences from the findings.3.A elevated seek audit means the chance that of material misstatement and deceitful activities are significantly higher. Weak controls, changes in management, and changes in accounting methods are several reasons why an auditor would conclude a company is a high risk engagement. The audit partner basis the risk of engagement on his or her observations from the company. When working a highrisk engagement, an auditor will examine a higher percentage of the transactions from throughout the year. Checking more transactions means the auditors are going to produce the most accurate financials possible and ensuring no fraudulent activities are taking place within the company.4.Auditors do have the responsibility of following the AICPA Audit and invoice Guides for specialized industries. The AICPPA set guidelines for co mpanies in these industries to follow to ensure the end product is of highest quality. Auditors should make sure the managers are following all of the rules and regulation set forth for that type of company, but these guidelines should never override or replace the Statements on Auditing and Standards. The Statement and Auditing Standards is the rule book for how and what is to be performed in an audit. the AICPA should make the Audit and explanation Guides for specialized industries in accordance with the Statement and Auditing Standards so the companies are operating with the highest quality, in both products and financial standing.5.When making a change in the accounting principle used within a company, in that location has to be very good reason why the company wants to. When these changed are made, they must be presented retrospectively. Managers must produce the financial statements for the past several years so the public can see the personal effects it has on the company. On the other hand, the changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively. Managers use the new method in estimating cost and revenues from that point forward. The changes Paragon made are for accounting estimates. The percentage-in-completion method and the earned value method are accounting estimate methods. Boyd and Curbello will use the new method from that point forward. The difficulty Paragon ran into is disclosure. The changes were not properly disclosed in the financials. This is a problem because two method result in very different numbers for the company.

Economic Situation in Bulgaria after EU Accession Essay Example for Free

Economic Situation in Bulgaria afterward EU Accession EssayBulgaria has passed a long way between the f each of communism, transition to market economy, and up to EU entranceway that has locomote the culmination of Bulgarian stinting transformation. Undoubtedly, Bulgarian economy has substantially benefited of becoming a full instalment of atomic number 63an Union. Despite the fact that Bulgaria does not conduct sufficient experience in managing various merchandise processes, the whole process of transition from primaeval European priorities to European integration has been smooth and roughlyly irresponsible.In this fail, we get out critically examine the impact of EU ingress on Bulgarian product and turn over markets, agriculture, and FDI. We expect that profound multifaceted analysis of Bulgarian economy will help determining the major(ip) economic benefits and problems of Bulgarias accession to EU. Historical background onwards the end of the 1980s the beginni ng of the 1990s, Bulgaria has been one of the largest communist states in Europe. After the general collapse of socialism and communism in Europe at the rim of 1990s, Bulgaria faced a choice between integration with other easterly European countries or the developed Western Europe.In distinction from Romania and Hungary, Bulgaria was not characterized by high income per capita or its economic openness to hostile carry on dealings. However, Bulgaria was well known for its excellently trained workforce and well developed wear out markets (Bevan, Estrin Grabbe 23). Bulgaria was characterized by high level of political science involvement into economic affairs, and Bulgarian authorities had to develop mod strategies for eliminating government intrusion into the newly formed dispatch markets.In general, Bulgaria has experienced relatively smooth transition from looseness of the bowels of communism to the increase of well-organized market oriented structures. At that time, mos t of the initiated processes, such as privatization, were postponed, and a series of new problems arose including the substantial damages to infrastructure and housing, a rapidly growing number of refugees, and a partitioning of make do and capital flows (Anusic Rohatinski 48).By the end of the 1990s, after the deep economic crisis of 1997, Bulgaria managed to resolve all economic issues, and to become prepared to pull ahead accession into European economic structures. Economic profile Since 2002, the European mission has considered Bulgaria as one of the best performing market economies in Central Eastern Europe. Since 2006, useful locomote were taken to contain the external deficit. The privatization process and the liberalization and restructuring notably of utilities have well advanced.Some spare progress has been made in improving the business environment and reducing non-wage bear on costs (Baldwin Portes 127). Currently, Bulgarian gross domestic product per capita e quals to 7500 (32. 1% of the EU-25) economic growth 6. 7% in 2007 inflation rate 4. 9% unemployment 11% government budget surplus 2. 7% exports to EU countries 68% of descend exports imports from EU countries 59% of total imports (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 303).It is expected, that by the end of 2008, the total economic output of Bulgarian markets will notwithstanding increase 0. 4% (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 303). EU Accession and Product Markets After accession to EU at the beginning of 2007, Bulgaria has acquired additional opportunities and resources for further trade liberalization with European partners. Bulgaria has ultimately entered the hit Market the administrative barriers to trade with the rest of Europe have been eliminated or reduced to levels that were acceptable among other EU members.Bulgaria had to re-consider the system of its external tariffs and to adopt it to the new European requirements as a result, the tariffs have been liberalized compared to those exe rcised by Western European towards other third express countries. The discussed tariff liberalization has seriously contri excepted into trade diversification and the growing portion of more expensive EU suppliers in the trade structure of Bulgarian economy. Bulgarian product markets have not only acquired free access to European trade potential they have also been involved into European Structural Funds.This union has reduced the risk of default for Bulgarian economy by almost 33% consequentially, numerous political risks have also been reduced (Lejour 22). EU membership has greatly constrained arbitrary trade insurance and indirect tax changes. It has locked in well-defined property rights, has codified competition policy, state-aids policies, and has secured open capital markets and right of establishment, assuring investors that they could put in and take our their money (Bevan, Estrin Grabbe 87).Here, we should pay more attention to the economic affects of Bulgarian access ion to the EU internal markets and its trade effects. Lejour has developed a mathematical model for calculating the specialised trade effects of EU accession onto various sectors of Eastern European economies. In impairment of Bulgaria, Lejour has revealed the most promising trends within agriculture, nutriment processions, textiles and apparel. standardised economic emphases have been made for Romania, Poland, and Hungary (Basci, Togan Hagen 54).Furthermore, Hungary and Poland have promising perspectives in Transport equipment and transport services with the rest of EU members. However, at the edge of Bulgarian accession to EU, the realm has already experienced substantial liberalization of trade relations with Europe 62% of Bulgarian exports were already distributed among other EU member countries (Basci, Togan Hagen 32). As a result of such preliminary trade liberalization, the displace effect of accessing the EU market for Bulgaria has almost equaled zero.In distinction from Bulgaria, Hungarian GDP growth has been additionally increased by trade effects of EU membership. The abolition of trade barriers with old EU members has boosted Hungary trade. The countrys trade performance was impressive given the increased competition posed by its EU membership (Baldwin Portes 134). This is not the case with Bulgaria the country has not experienced any trade boost, and there can be some(prenominal) reasons for that. First, we have already mentioned the effects of pre-accession trade liberalization with EU (exports from the European Union was increasing 6.4% annually, to finally achieve 68% of total Bulgarian exports). Second, Bulgaria has spent only 18 months as a full EU member, and many positive long-term economic effects have not insofar become visible. However, Bulgaria faced a challenge in the form of intensified import competition that has moderately lowered inflation and has weakened European-directed domestic macroeconomic policies. It is expect ed that with further integration to Common country Policy and Single European markets Bulgaria will acquire additional opportunities for expanding its trade.In terms of agriculture, EU accession is anticipated to triple the total amount of trade, and to increase exports to other European and non-European countries by more than a third (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 307). In general, EU accession has developed stable confidence among the major Bulgarian trade partners towards Bulgarian economic environment and economic relations with the country. As with the other EU members, EU accession has and will result in further GDP growth within Bulgaria, with the subsequent impact on general EUs GDP. EU Accession and FDI Foreign Direct Investment has played special role in Bulgarian economy.For Bulgaria, FDI growth was critical to further promote restructuring processes within all sectors of Bulgarian economy. FDI has been particularly of the essence(p) for privatization and developing the co nfidence of investors towards Bulgarian economic environment. In this context, Bulgarias accession to EU has become the turning point towards further liberalization of all economic areas. It has been important to finance the acquisition of plants and equipment and the transfer of technology (Fiala 189). Before Bulgaria entered EU, the country could not boast high FDI inflows.Compared to other European countries, Bulgaria was lagging behind its major Eastern European partners Croatia and Hungary. In Croatia, FDI inflows accounted for 2,800 per capita, while Hungarian FDI inflows equaled to 3. 7 billion in 2004 immediately after including Hungary into the listen of full EU members (Lejour, Mooij Nahuis 223). Although Bulgaria did not experience FDI growth equal to that in Hungary and Croatia, the level of FDI increase after EU accession has been substantial. In 2007 following EU accession, Bulgaria marked a record of FDI for the last decade.Since EU accession implies secure environ ment for investors, it is not surprising that an estimated 1,790 per capita entered the country in 2007 (Lejour 49). Surprisingly or not, but Bulgaria and Romania have been among the states the least likely to be included into EU before 2015. This is why in this inquiry numbers are less important than the quality of the emerging investor relations within Bulgarian fiscal structures EU accession has significantly increased transparence of the financial and investor relations between Bulgaria and member (non-member) states.Similar situation has also been reported in relation to Hungary and Romania (Fiala 192). EU Accession and Labor Markets While FDI, GDP growth, exports and inflation have developed evident positive tendencies since EU accession, unemployment has had ambiguous development (Feldman 218). Currently, Bulgaria has one of the highest unemployment place among EU state-members. For example, Hungary has been experiencing the rising rates of unemployment that have later reac hed 7. 2% in 2006 (Anusic Rohatinski 90).At that time, Hungarys unemployment rates were number for Europe, but the highest in the region. After EU accession of Bulgaria, its unemployment rates have gone up to 11% (Kolev 30). As a result, thousands of workers have direct up their minds to reach other more developed labor markets. Simultaneously, following EU accession Bulgarian perennial low labor participation and long-term unemployment showed positive signs (Kolev 31). It is expected that by the end of 2008, Bulgaria will be able to minify long-term unemployment to 9% (Kolev 34).EU accession has resulted in the emergence of new open labor markets which Bulgarian workers could easily reach. Migration is characteristic of all newly accepted EU members, and with unfavorable employment prospects for Bulgaria, other European states had to adopt a set of restrictive measures, to decrease the growing inflow of Bulgarian (and Romanian) workers into more developed EU states. Member Stat es do, however, have discretion to restrict migration of workers for up to seven days.The UK government chose to impose restrictions for an initial two-year period, to be reviewed on an annual basis. let loose-skilled Bulgarian and Romanian nationals may only apply to work as seasonal boorish workers or on sector-based schemes. (Feldman 221) Bulgarias accession to EU has causes the two significant impacts on Bulgarian labor markets. On the one hand, immigrants have already created a small lowest gain in terms of per capita income to Bulgaria (Feldman 218).On the other hand, EU accession and the comparatively slower rates of Bulgarian economic development have already distracted large labor flows from Bulgarian towards other international labor markets. Although the net impact of Bulgarian migration has not been fully analyzed, the examples of other EU countries suggest that migration can undermine the constancy of Bulgarian economy after EU accession for Hungary, migration of local workers has resulted in 2% productivity decrease in Poland and Czech Republic, productivity has fallen 3% (Basci, Togan Hagen 138).Researchers estimate that in the nearest 3 years current migration patterns will decrease Bulgarian economic productivity 3-5% (Feldman 222). Certainly, Bulgarian workers are willing to work for lower wages compared to those European countries pay to their citizens. As a result, accession of Bulgaria to EU creates serious pressures on other domestic labor markets. Here, Bulgaria should address its economic and labor misbalances, to promote equal labor opportunities for its workers, and to hamper the negative impacts of Bulgarian migration on other European economies.EU Accession and Agriculture Bulgarian agriculture has perceived the biggest and the brightest impact of Bulgarias accession to EU. EU accession has significantly impacted the country and food sectors because of its integration into the Single Market and its adoption of the Common Ag ricultural Policy (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 304). Since the beginning of 2007, Bulgarian agrarian sectors have faced a challenge due to the absence of appropriate state support of neckcloth business.The first payments from the common European budget funds have reached farmers by the end of 2007 before that, Bulgarian farmers had to deal with the growing financial uncertainty and restrictions put on payments from national budget funds (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 305). However, Bulgarian economy and EU have been able to resolve all agricultural market issues. Between 2008 and 2010, Bulgaria will receive total 4.3 billion to support its internal agricultural policies, to create cohesion funds, and to further promote effective agricultural policies within and outside Bulgarian economy (Davidova, Gorton Ratinger 309). Conclusion During the first 18 months of Bulgarias membership in EU, the countrys economy has not been able to fully perceive long-term benefits and failures of its acc ession to the Single European market. However, EU accession has already created multifaceted impacts on all economic sectors, among which labor and agricultural markets have been influenced the most.It is expected that in the two-three years Bulgaria will be able to stabilize its economic relations with Western Europe, and to benefit of opportunities which EU market opens to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.Works CitedAnusic, Z. Z. Rohatinski, Z. A Road to Low Inflation 2003-2006. Zagreb Government of Republic of Croatia, 2007. Baldwin, R. E. Portes, R. The Costs and Benefits of Eastern Enlargement The Impact on the EU and Central Europe. Economic Policy, vol. 24 (2007) 125-70. Basci, E. , Togan, S. Hagen, J. Macroeconomics Policies for EU Accession. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.